The colonization that never had to end Colonization did not end because it stopped working. It ended because direct administration became expensive, embarrassing and unnecessary. The system built between 1885 and 1960 was not designed primarily to govern territory — it was designed to extract value, and the deepest part of that design was to impose a model of society in which the colonized would be trained to want what the colonizer sold, to measure themselves by the colonizer’s standards, and to run the machine on the colonizer’s behalf after the flag came down. That is what makes the word «neocolonialism» precise...